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| I. Analytical Framework, Concepts, Definitions, and Classifications |
2.1.1 Concepts and definitions Statistical concept The most recent data on total population, live births, deaths and net migration (including administrative corrections) can be found under the DGEN collection in two different tables, depending on the degree of reliability of the data and the period of the year: - most reliable data (based on national provisional data) are available in table GIND. During the period July-December, these are the most up-to-date population data available. - during the period January-June, the most recent Eurostat estimates can be found in table GFEST. However, these data are subject to revisions, sometimes significant, from June onwards. Detailed information on population (by age, sex and marital status) can be found under the DPOP collection. This information is however updated after the total population data found under the DGEN collection. Annexes: Definition of indicators Total Population This can be either the population on 1 January or the average population during the year. Unless otherwise stipulated, the population on 1 January is used. Population On 1 January The inhabitants of a given area on 1 January of the year in question (or, in some cases, on 31 December of the previous year). The population is based on data from the most recent census adjusted by the components of population change produced since the last census, or based on population registers Population Change The difference between the size of the population at the end and the beginning of a period. It is equal to the algebraic sum of natural increase and net migration (including corrections). There is negative change when both of these components are negative or when one is negative and has a higher absolute value than the other. Natural Increase The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths during the year. The natural increase (or natural decrease) is negative when the number of deaths exceeds the number of births. Net Migration The difference between immigration into and emigration from the area during the year (net migration is therefore negative when the number of emigrants exceeds the number of immigrants). Since most countries either do not have accurate figures on immigration and emigration or have no figures at all, net migration is generally estimated on the basis of the difference between population change and natural increase between two dates (in Eurostat database, it is then called net migration including corrections). The statistics on net migration are therefore affected by all the statistical inaccuracies in the two components of this equation, especially population change Crude Rate Of Increase The ratio of the total population change during the year to the average population of the area in question in that year. The value is expressed per 1000 inhabitants. Crude Rate Of Natural Increase The ratio of natural population increase over a period to the average population of the area in question during that period. The value is expressed per 1000 inhabitants. Crude Rate Of Net Migration The ratio of the net migration during the year to the average population in that year. The value is expressed per 1000 inhabitants. The crude rate of net migration is equal to the difference between the crude rate of increase and the crude rate of natural increase (that is, net migration is considered as the part of population change not attributable to births and deaths). It is calculated in this way because immigration or emigration flows are either unknown or the figures are not sufficiently precise. Crude Birth Rate The ratio of the number of births during the year to the average population in that year. The value is expressed per 1000 inhabitants. Crude Death Rate The ratio of the number of deaths during the year to the average population in that year. The value is expressed per 1000 inhabitants. Age Dependency Ratio The ratio of the number of persons of an age when they are generally economically inactive to the number of persons of working age (from 15 to 64 (1st variant) or from 20 to 59 (second variant) depending on the context). The total dependency ratio is obtained by adding the age dependency ratio of the young and the age dependency ratio of the old. Old-Age Dependency Ratio The ratio of the number of elderly persons of an age when they are generally economically inactive (aged 65 and over or aged 60 and over depending on the context) to the number of persons of working age (from 15 to 64 or from 20 to 59 depending on the context). Young-Age Dependency Ratio The ratio of the number of young persons of an age when they are generally economically inactive (either under 15 or under 20 depending on the context) to the number of persons of working age (from 15 to 64 or from 20 to 59 depending on the context). Completed Fertility (By Generation) The mean number of children born to women of a given generation at the end of their childbearing years. This is calculated by adding the fertility rates by age of the mother observed for successive years, when the cohort has reached the age in question (in general, only ages between 15 and 49 years are considered). In practice, the fertility rates for older women can be estimated using the rates observed for previous generations, without waiting for the cohort to reach the end of the reproductive period. Mean Age Of Women At Childbearing By Generation The mean age of women from the same generation when their children are born. The mean age is normally calculated when women have reached the end of their childbearing years (at age 50). The mean age of women at childbearing for a given calendar year comprises the fertility rates by age for women of different generations. By adding the rates for each of the calendar years lived by the same generation from the beginning of their childbearing years (at 15 years of age), the mean age at childbearing for this generation can be obtained. In principle, this calculation cannot be made until the generation has reached the end of its childbearing period, at around 50 years of age, but in practice, the fertility rates for older women can be estimated using the rates observed for previous generations. Proportion Of Ever-Married By Generation The proportion of individuals from the same generation who married at least once in their life. The sum of the first-marriage rates by age reached during the year, calculated for n calendar years for a generation, gives the proportion of persons in that generation who have entered into a first marriage during this period of n years. In practice, the first-marriage rates at advanced ages can be estimated using the rates for previous generations without waiting for the married life of the cohort to be completely over. This produces an estimate of the definitive proportion of ever-married people for this generation. Proportion Of Marriages Dissolved By Divorce By Marriage Cohort The sum of the divorce rates by duration of marriage calculated for n calendar years for a marriage cohort gives the proportion of marriages dissolved by divorce for this generation after n years. In practice, the divorce rates for advanced durations of marriage can be estimated using the rates for previous generations, without waiting for the married life of the cohort to be completely over. This produces an estimate of the definitive proportion of marriages, which will end in divorce for this generation. Indicators by Table: Domain: DEMO, demography gind: Population change: absolute numbers and crude rates glongind: Demographic cohort indicators Collection: dpop pjan: Population by sex and age on 1. January of each year pjanind: Population structure indicators on 1st January pjansin: Unmarried population by sex and age on 1. January of each year Pjanmar: Married population by sex and age on 1. January of each year Pjandiv: Divorced population by sex and age on 1. January of each year Pjanwid: Widowed population by sex and age on 1. January of each year 2.3.1 Classification/sectorization Classification system and conformity with official standards Geo |
| II. Scope of the data |
2.2.1 Scope Scope of the data Geographical coverage - Individual Member states of the EU-25: Statistical units See indicators Statistical population Total population |
| III. Accounting Conventions |
2.4.2 Recording basis Reference period The calendar year for all tables. |
| IV. Nature of the Basic Data Sources |
3.1.1 Source data collection programs Data sources used Data are collected by Eurostat from the National Statistical Offices. National annual estimates of population are based either on the most recent census round, applying the component method, or on the data extracted from a population register. For more detailed information: see Eurostat website. Type of survey Techniques of data collection |
| V. Compilation Practices |
3.3.2 Other statistical procedures Compilation of European aggregates Eurostat calculates the European aggregates on the basis of the data collected from the National Statistical Offices. In same cases, aggregates are estimated, Adjustments Average population is calculated by Eurostat as the arithmetical mean of the population at 1 January of two consecutive years. Eurostat produces the corrected net migration figures by taking the difference between total and natural population increases. This assumes that any movement of population not attributable to natural change (births and deaths) is attributable to migration. Corrections due to population censuses, register counts, etc. which cannot be classified as births, deaths or migrations are also taken into account in the corrected net migration figures. Two definitions of age may be used for the classification of events occurring in a given year by age of the person concerned: - the age reached during the calendar year under review, i.e. the year of observation minus the year of birth; Injudicious comparison of rates established using different definitions of age might give a skewed image of international reality. The choice of one or other definition leads to significant differences, particularly in the analysis by age, since the exact age in rates expressed in terms of ‘age at last birthday’ is likely to be around half a year more than that for rates compiled by reference to ‘age reached’. To cope with this problem Eurostat has established SYSCODEM, a permanent conversion method, which for statistics on fertility, divorce, mortality and first marriages, permits comparability of data compiled according to any definition from across the European Union. The conversion procedures are described in the work Methodology for the calculation of Eurostat’s demographic indicators (G. Calot and J.P. Sardon). Base period In principle, 1960 is the reference year and therefore considered as the base period. Recording of transactions For most tables, 1950 is the base period, with exception of glongind (= 1900) and pjansin, pjanmar, pjandiv, and pjanwid (= 1960). 3.4.1 Validation of intermediate results Data validation of statistical data Absolute figures received from the NSI are validated by Eurostat before being sent to the database. Eurostat does not collect indicators directly from the countries, just raw numbers. To ensure comparability between EEA countries, Switzerland and the totals of the demographic indicators shown, the series up to 1998 were compiled with the help of a software package known as SYSCODEM, which uses a harmonised method to calculate the most complex indicators. The system has the disadvantage that some indicators calculated by Eurostat might differ from the ones published by the countries themselves. Since SYSCODEM is to be replaced by a new computation system in 2005, however, the European Demographic Observatory (EDO) has from 2000 onwards provided some of the indicators on the years 1999-2003. The methodology used for producing them is similar to the methodology used within SYSCODEM in the past. Furthermore, due also to this replacement, it was not possible to update the longitudinal indicators with information from the recent past. A new detailed and well-documented methodology related to the above-mentioned future system of calculation – Methodology for the calculation of Eurostat’s indicators (G. Calot and J.P. Sardon) – is already available (see link in the present documentation). |
| VI. Other Aspects |
| Footnotes | ||
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