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IMF--GDDS--Fiji-Table A. National accounts
|  | AS PROVIDED BY FIJI AS A PARTICIPANT IN THE GDDS
| |  | Fiji
Table A. Comprehensive Framework Real Sector | |
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| | CORE FRAMEWORK: National Accounts | | National Descriptor (as applicable): | | ENCOURAGED EXTENSION(S) (as applicable): | | National Descriptor (as applicable): | | National Methodological Publication (as applicable): "Fiji National Accounts Studies, Part II - Sources and Methods", Bureau of Statistics, P.O. Box 2221, Government Buildings, Suva, Fiji Islands, July 1982. An update, related to the compilation of GDP at constant prices, is given in "Statistical News" No 29 of 1996. |
| CONTACT PERSON(S): | | |
Ms. Nilima Lal
Divisional Manager
Economic Statistics Division
Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics
P.O. Box 2221, Government Buildings
Suva, Fiji
Telephone: (679) 331 5822
Fax: (679) 330 3656
Email: nlal@statsfiji.gov.fj |
Date Metadata Updated: November 2002 |
Date Metadata Certified: November 2002 | 
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| I. Analytical Framework, Concepts, Definitions, and Classifications |
Analytical Framework, Concepts and Definitions
The Fijian national accounts are largely based on the "United Nations' System of National Accounts, 1968" ("SNA 1968"). The detailed methodology was designed in 1979-1981. The base year for constant prices has been revised to 1989 in 1995-96. Indicators are used to extrapolate 1989 for subsequent years. The periodicity is annual. In the most recent publications the following data are available:
· Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at factor cost, i.e., without indirect taxes net of subsidies, at constant and current prices. The detail by economic activity (20 activities), called "production approach" in international standards, is published at constant prices; the series is published up to 1995 at constant prices of 1977, and from 1989 onwards at constant prices of 1989. At current prices, the detail by economic activity is not published for the years after 1989.
· GDP at purchasers' value, i.e., including indirect taxes net of subsidies, at current prices. Details are by type of final expenditure (final consumption, capital formation, exports less imports), which is called "expenditure approach" in international standards, and by type of income, which is called "income approach".
· Consolidated accounts for the national economy: national disposable income and its appropriation (final consumption and saving), corresponding to the income and outlay account of the "SNA 1968", capital and finance accounts, and account of external transactions.
· Final central government current expenditure and gross fixed capital formation by type and purpose.
The most recent publication, Key Statistics, by the Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics, released in June 2000 provided the GDP figures up to 2001, and the Fiji consolidated national accounts up to 2000. The "Reserve Bank of Fiji Quarterly Review" has published, in September 2002, the GDP by economic activity (at factor cost), at constant prices from 1992 to 2001. The source of the latter publication is still the Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics.
Classification System
· Classification of transactions: "SNA 1968";
· Classification of purposes of central government expenditures: "SNA 1968";
· Classification of economic activities: The Fijian Standard Industrial Classification (FSIC) is based on the United Nations International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), rev.2, with adaptations at the most detailed level to reflect the specific aspects of the Fijian economy. At the most aggregate level, activities are: Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing; Mining & Quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity & Water; Building & Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Hotels and Cafes; Transport & Communication; Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Service; Community, Social & Personal Services; Others.
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Unit Coverage
All resident units are covered, including units engaged in informal legal activities and establishments located in tax-free zones.Transaction Coverage
Financial transactions are not covered. Geographic Coverage
The national accounts cover the whole territory of Fiji. Unrecorded Activity (as relevant)
Illegal activities are not covered. An adjustment for fish is made and a similar adjustment is also made in the balance of payments. Periodicity
Annual Timeliness
6 months |
| III. Accounting Conventions |
Time of recording: Most transactions are recorded on an accrual basis, as recommended in the SNA 1968, except taxes which are derived from governmental budget data recorded on a cash basis.
Valuation: As mentioned in part I above, the value added of economic activities and the corresponding GDP are valued at factor cost, without indirect taxes less subsidies. The final expenditures, the primary income categories, and the corresponding GDP are valued at purchaser’s prices, including indirect taxes less subsidies. The gross fixed capital formation includes the set-up cost of equipment only when this cost is charged in the same invoice as the main equipment. The change in stocks, derived from establishments’ business accounts, includes holding gains or losses on commodities held in stock, which does not conform with the methodology of the SNA 1968.
Reporting period: Calendar year. For sugarcane and sugar manufacturing (11% to 13% of the GDP at constant prices), establishments’ business accounts cover the period from 1 April to 30 March. Adjustment is made to individual annual data coming from establishments to adjust to the calendar year. However, since harvest and processing of sugarcane take place from May to January, the absence of adjustment in the specific case of sugar is considered as having a limited impact. |
| IV. Nature of the Basic Data Sources |
Production approach:
Agriculture:Surveys of the Ministry of Agriculture. The subsistence activity (production for own consumption) is extrapolated by using data on population growth.
Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing Industry, Electricity, Gas and Water:For mining and quarrying, output of gold; for manufacturing industry, electricity, and water, index of industrial production.
Building and Construction:Census of building and construction 1998, and extrapolated using the value of building and construction work put n place by private building contractors – a quarterly survey is conducted by FIBS for all private contractors and data on public sector construction activities from the National Budget document.
Wholesale and Retail Trade, Restaurants and Hotels:For trade, total volume of foreign trade (imports less reexports, deflated using a price indicator), adjusted exports, local production less certain specific exports (eg garments deflated using IPI). For hotels and restaurants - composite indicator made up of hotel turnover, visitor days, beds sold and hotel employment deflated by the price index.
Transport and Communications:For transport, number of registered vehicles, cargo tonnage’s shipped and landed, and passenger-kilometers traveled on regional and domestic airlines. For communications, postal traffic handled, number of working lines and Telecom’s turnover deflated by consumer price index.
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Business Services:Number of bank accounts, value of bank deposits and loans of comercial banks, value of insurance premiums, (values deflated by CPI) and statistics of employment.
Community, Social, and Personal Services:Statistics on employment, and government current operating expenditures.
Expenditure approach:
General government final consumption expenditure:Accounts of government.
Private final consumption:Household income and expenditure survey, external trade statistics, and annual censuses of industries.
Change in stocks:Annual censuses of industries, and other surveys.
Gross fixed capital formation: Accounts of governmental entities and economic surveys conductd by FIBS.
Exports less imports:Foreign trade and balance of payments statistics.
Income approach:
Compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, operating surplus:Establishment surveys.
Indirect tax less subsidies:Accounts of government. |
Production approach:The value added of all economic activities for 1989 is extrapolated at constant prices by using appropriate indicators.
The subsistence (includes agriculture, fishing and firewood) activity is separately estimated within the agricultural activity (see "Basic Data Sources" above) using population growth as an indicator.
The indicators of physical output used for extrapolating the value added of the reference year are not adjusted for informal activities other than subsistence. It is assumed that informal activities have been correctly estimated at the beginning of the series and that their proportion of total output of each industry is stable.
Expenditure approach: The estimate for private final consumption expenditure is based on household income and expenditure surveys (the most recent were conducted in 1977 check and in 1990-91). It is extrapolated for subsequent years through "supply side" compilation, using external trade and domestic production data.
As mentioned above, the change in stocks is measured as the difference between the value of stocks at the end of the accounting period and the value of stocks at the beginning of the accounting period, as reported by establishments in the surveys. Since no adjustment is made for eliminating the holding gains on commodities held in stocks, the change in stocks is overestimated in the expenditure approach.
Exports of fish to Japan is obtained from customs statistics (check), are adjusted upwards for under reporting.
Reconciliation: The production approach plays a lead role in the estimation of the GDP. The expenditure approach is compared with the production approach and adjusted as far as possible, mainly on private final consumption, then on gross fixed capital formation. However, there is a residual discrepancy between the two approaches, which is separately identified beside the final expenditures. The income approach is adjusted to the same total as the GDP from the production approach. The adjustment is imputed to the net operating surplus.
Frequency of major revisions: There is no pre-determined frequency of major revisions. The current series has been estimated from 1979 to 1982, based on the years 1977-78-79. A partial revision took place in 1995-96, for the year 1989, which is now the year to which constant prices series is referenced.
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