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| The Data: Coverage, Periodicity, and Timeliness | ||||||||||||
| Coverage characteristics | 5.1.1 Statistical presentation Data are presented on general government operations in billions of Japanese yen and cover the operations of the central government, local governments and social security funds. Revenue = total receipt minus current transfers within general government; plus capital transfers (receivable); plus savings, net.
The breakdown of financing is by type of debt instrument and can be derived from national accounts data as follows:
The breakdowns of the asset and liability items are presented in accordance with the System of National Accounts 1993. | |||||||||||
| Periodicity | 4.1.1 Periodicity Annual | |||||||||||
| Timeliness | 4.1.2 Timeliness Approximately nine months after the reference fiscal year.Notes: Japan is availing itself of a flexibility option on the timeliness of the general government operations data. The data on general government are part of the national accounts data, which are estimated using a variety of source data, and the date of publication of the national accounts depends on those source data. It is impossible to obtain essential source data earlier than is currently done. Moreover, there are no other statistics that serve as appropriate substitutes. Japan is therefore taking a flexibility option for the timeliness of the general government operations data, and will continue to publish the data with a timeliness of nine months. | |||||||||||
| Access by the Public | ||||||||||||
| Advance dissemination of release calendar | 5.1.3 Advance release calendar The quarter-ahead calendar for approximate release dates will be disseminated on the CAO's Internet website as well as on the documents. The precise release date will be disseminated by the CAO in the news release Weekly Schedule and on its Internet website one week earlier than the release date. | |||||||||||
| Simultaneous release to all interested parties | 5.1.4 Simultaneous release The data are released simultaneously to all interested parties by issuing a press release to members of the press and on the ESRI website.
A leaflet containing data for major components and some explanatory text is available to all interested parties at the same time. | |||||||||||
| Integrity | ||||||||||||
| Dissemination of terms and conditions under which official statistics are produced, including those relating to the confidentiality of individually identifiable information | 0.1.1 Responsibility for collecting, processing, and disseminating statistics Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office National accounts (including data on GDP and general government operation data) compiled and published by the Cabinet Office (CAO) are governed by the Statistics Act (Act no.53 of 2007).0.1.2 Data sharing and coordination among data producing agencies Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office Necessary contacts are maintained with other data producing agencies, including meetings held by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affaires and Communications (MIC).0.1.3 Confidentiality of individual reporters' data Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The Statistics Act stipulates the penalty for offenders(Articles 58).0.1.4 Ensuring statistical reporting Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The CAO is able to require the cooperation of the administrative organs to collect sorce data for national accounts(Statistics Act(Article 29 and 30).0.2.1 Staff, facilities, computing resources, and financing Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The number of the staff―50 members in the Department of National Accounts (DNA) ―is smaller compared with other countries. Physical facilities and funding are adequate to perform required tasks. 0.2.2 Ensuring efficient use of resources Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office Work processes are reviewed whenever necessary.0.3.1 Monitoring user requirements Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The Statistics Commission of independent outside experts, who are also users of the statistics, acts as an important source of information about users’ needs and the relevance of the statistics produced. Opinions and comments on methodological issues and others are asked widely of data users through the website, and the replies examined. 0.4.1 Quality policy Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office In the framework of the policy evaluation, the target of the DNA is to improve the quality of the national accounts. According to this framework, self-evaluation is conducted and the result is published.0.4.2 Quality monitoring Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The DNA seeks to improve quality by evaluating accuracy of the estimates whenever necessary. During the process of benchmark revisions in every fifth year, complete reviews are conducted.0.4.3 Quality planning Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The planning process takes place from January to August for the next year. In this process, a systematic review of the quality of the statistics is conducted.1.1.1 Impartiality of statistics Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The Law Establishing the Cabinet Office, which provides for the compilation of national accounts within the jurisdiction of the CAO, supports independence in the compilation of the statistics. The Statistics Commission of independent outside experts contributes to ensuring objectivity in the compilation of the statistics. 1.1.2 Selection of sources, methodology, and modes of dissemination Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The choice of source data and statistical techniques is based only on consideration of data quality, except when it is against laws or other provisions.1.1.3 Commenting on erroneous interpretation and misuse of statistics Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office In case the statistics are misinterpreted or misused by the media or others, the DNA usually makes a formal request to be allotted a refutation.1.2.1 Disclosure of terms and conditions for statistical collection, processing, and dissemination Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office Copies of the Law Establishing the Cabinet Office are available in Japanese at: Government Publications Service Center, 1.3.1 Guidelines for staff behavior Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The National Public Service Ethics Law and the National Public Service Officials Ethics Code have been established, while are applied to all public servants including statistical staff. For the national accounts statistics, the rule of information control has been established, and leakage of statistical information is strictly controlled. | |||||||||||
| Identification of internal government access to data before release | 1.2.2 Internal governmental access to statistics prior to release Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office No staff other than in the DNA are allowed to access to the data prior to their release to the public. | |||||||||||
| Identification of ministerial commentary on the occasion of statistical releases | 1.2.3 Attribution of statistical products Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office The name and logo of the ESRI and CAO are clearly shown on publications. No ministerial commentary is attached to the release of the data. | |||||||||||
| Provision of information about revision and advance notice of major changes in methodology | 4.3.1 Revision schedule The revision cycle as stated below is explained in the System of National Accounts 1993 in Japan (Sources and Methods).
The revision cycle is stable from year to year. Except for the benchmark revisions which take place every fifth year, the annual estimates become final with the second release about 21 months after the reference fiscal year. 4.3.2 Identification of preliminary and/or revised data At the time of data release, it is clearly stated whether released data are first or revised estimates. When revisions outside the regular cycle are made, they are explained in the published materials and on the ESRI website “Notice on Usage.”1.2.4 Advance notice of major changes in methodology, source data, and statistical techniques. Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office When major changes in methodologies are made, an advance notice is given on the CAO's website (http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/menu.html) only in Japanese. | |||||||||||
| Quality | ||||||||||||
| Dissemination of documentation on methodology and sources used in preparing statistics | 5.2.1 Dissemination of documentation on concepts, scope, classifications, basis of recording, data sources, and statistical techniques Details of the methodology on a 1968 SNA basis are published in The System of National Accounts in Japan by the Economic Planning Agency in January 1980. The publication is now out of stock, but the DNA of the CAO is prepared to lend copies to interested users. 5.2.2 Disseminated level of detail For general users, explanations of definitions and terminology are included as appendices in the Annual Report on National Accounts. An illustrative booklet on the Japanese national accounts is available, as an introduction for uses who have no prior knowledge in national accounts, in hard copy and on the ESRI website.
For more specialized users, the explanatory documents are available in hard copy and on ESRI website as described above (section 5.2.1). (See also summary methodology) | |||||||||||
| Dissemination of component detail, reconciliations with related data, and statistical frameworks that support statistical cross-checks and provide assurance of reasonableness | 4.2.1 Internal consistency The quarterly data are consistent with the annual data. Concepts, definitions, and classifications are the same, and the quarterly data are benchmarked to the annual data whenever new annual data become available.4.2.2 Temporal consistency Consistent time series on a 1993 SNA basis with 2000 as the benchmark year are available from 1996 onwards. Comparable time series for 1980-1996 are available with 1995 as the benchmark year (some detailed tables are available from 1990 onwards). | |||||||||||
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