Special Data Dissemination Standard
SDDS - Internationally Accepted Statistical Methodologies
Following the IMF’s Executive Board decision to modify the SDDS, (see
http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2012/090712.pdf) subscribers should explicitly refer to the relevant internationally accepted statistical methodology in their metadata posted on the DSBB and describe any deviations from it (usually under the DQAF code 2.1.1 concepts and definitions, but elsewhere where relevant). This should be done for each data category. Two examples are: a) if there are no deviations, the wording could be: "National accounts are compiled according to ESA95", and b) if there are deviations, the wording could be: "Balance of payments data are compiled according to BPM5, except for..." The internationally accepted statistical methodologies for the SDDS data categories are given in the table below. Some additional background documents are listed at the bottom of this page.
Internationally Accepted Statistical Methodologies for SDDS Data Categories
| Category | Methodology |
| Real Sector | |
| GDP: nominal, real,and associated prices or price indices |
(SNA 2008) - System of National Accounts 2008 (New York: a publication of the Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations, and the World Bank, 2009). The text can be found on the following UN website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp or (SNA 1993) - System of National Accounts 1993 (New York: a publication of the Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations, and the World Bank, 1993). The text can be found on the following UN website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/sna1993/introduction.asp Summary of discussions on the National Accounts Discussion Forum can be accessed through the following IMF website: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/na/interest/index.htm.The outcome of the discussions may eventually lead to various modifications of the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA). |
| Production index/indices | International Recommendations for the Index of Industrial Production 2009 (New York, January 2009: United Nations Statistics Division) Global country consultation concluded on February 6, 2009. The draft text can be found at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/industry/iip_review.asp |
| Labor Market |
Current International Recommendations on Labor Statistics, as updated (Geneva: International Labor Organization (ILO), 1985). |
| Price Indices |
(CPI Manual 2004) - Consumer Price Index Manual: Theory and Practice 2004 (ILO, IMF, OECD, Eurostat, United Nations, and the World Bank), available on the following webpage: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/guides/cpi/index.htm. or Classification of Expenditure According to Purpose (New York: United Nations, 1999). United Nations classifications can be accessed through the UN website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/pubs/gesgrid.asp |
| Fiscal Sector | |
|
General government operations (or public sector operations, PSO, as relevant) |
(GFSM 2001) - Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (Washington, D.C: IMF, 2001). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfs/manual/index.htm. |
| Central government operations |
(GFSM 1986) - Government Finance Statistics Manual 1986 (Washington, D.C: IMF, 1986). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfs/manual/1986/eng/. |
| Central government gross debt | Public Sector Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 2011: http://www.tffs.org/PSDStoc.htm.
External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 2003). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/eds/Eng/Guide/index.htm. |
| Financial sector | |
|
Depository corporations survey
Central bank survey (CBS) |
(MFSM 2000) - Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual, 2000 (Washington, D.C: IMF, 2000). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/mfs/manual/index.htm. or (MFS Compilation Guide) - Monetary and Financial Statistics: Compilation Guide (Washington, D.C: IMF, 2008). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=19460.0. |
|
Interest rates Financial soundness indicators |
See SDDS Guide, p.38 http://dsbb.imf.org/images/pdfs/sdds_legal_text_english.PDF
|
| Stock market | "Handbook on Securities Statistics—Prepublication draft of part 1: Debt: Debt Securities issues (Prepared by the Bank for International Settlements, the European Central Bank, and the International Monetary Fund). http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/wgsd/pdf/051309.pdf |
| External sector | |
| Balance of payments and International Investment Position |
(BPM6) - Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, sixth edition (Washington, D.C: IMF, 2010). The text can be found on the IMF’s website:http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bop/2007/pdf/BPM6.pdf Balance of Payments Textbook (Washington D.C.: IMF, 1996). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/boptex/boptex.pdf. Financial Derivatives: A Supplement to the Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition, 1993 (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 2000). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fd/2000/index.htm. (IIP 2002) - International Investment Position—(2002). The text can be found at the website: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/iip/iip.htm. or (BOP &IIP) Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Compilation Guide (Washington, D.C.: IMF, draft chapters, 2012). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bop/2007/bop6comp.htm or (IIP 2011) - Quarterly International Investment Position Statistics: Data Sources and Compilation Techniques (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 2011). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/iip/2011/030111.htm |
| Official reserve assets (including the template on international reserves and foreign currency liquidity) | (Reserves Template Guidelines) - International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity: Guidelines for a Data Template (Washington, D.C: IMF, 2012). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/dataguide.htm |
| Merchandise trade |
International Merchandise Trade Statistics: Concepts and Definitions, (New York: United Nations, 2010). The text can be found on the United Nations’ website (Trade Statistics Manual 2010) - Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services, 2010, is available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/TFSITS/manual.htm or |
| External debt | External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users (Washington, D.C.: draft chapters, 2013). The text can be found on the IMF’s website: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ed/ed.htm |
| Exchange rate | See SDDS Guide, p.42 http://dsbb.imf.org/images/pdfs/sdds_legal_text_english.PDF |
| Socio-demographic Data | |
|
Population
|
Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Census, Revision 2 (New York: United Nations, 2008). Handbook on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems (New York: United Nations, 1998). Indicators of Sustainable Development: Framework and Methodologies (New York: United Nations, 2004). It is also available on the following website of the United Nations: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/indisd/english/english.htm |
|
Education
|
International Standard Classification of Education—ISCED 1997 (Paris: UNESCO, 1997).
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Statistical Tables (and metadata) website (http://portal.unesco.org/uis/ev.php). Methodology Used in the 1994 Estimation and Projection of Adult Literacy (Paris: UNESCO, 1995). Indicators of Sustainable Development: Framework and Methodologies (New York: United Nations, 2001). UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Millennium Development Goals website (http://portal.unesco.org/uis/ev.php). UNSD, Millennium Indicators Database (http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_goals.asp). Indicators of Sustainable Development: Framework and Methodologies (New York: United Nations, 2001). |
| Health |
Monitoring Reproductive Health: Selecting a Short List of National and Global Indicators (Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 1997). It is also available on the following website: http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/hrp_97_26/index.htm International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007): http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/ UNAIDS, Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals website (http://www.mdgmonitor.org/). United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), End Decade Databasehttp://www.unicef.org/specialsession/about/end-decade-process.htm) UNSD, Millennium Indicators Database (http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/mdg/default.aspx). WHO, Millennium Development Goals website (http://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/en/) World Bank, Millennium Development Goals website. |
| Poverty |
Ravallion, Martin, Poverty Lines in Theory and Practice, Vol. 1. Living Standards Measurement Survey Working Paper (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1998). Coudouel, J. Hentschel, and Q. Wodon, Well-Being Measurement and Analysis in PRSP Sourcebook (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2001). Lipton, M., Defining and Measuring Poverty: Conceptual Issues (New York: UNDP, 1996). Shorr, Irwin J., How to Weigh and Measure Children: Assessing the Nutritional Status of Young Children in Household Surveys, National Household Survey Capability Programme (New York: United Nations, 1986). UNSD, Millennium Indicators Database (http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_goals.asp). World Bank, Millennium Development Goals website. World Bank, Data on Poverty website (http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/data/index.htm). |
Additional useful background documents
“Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics,” UN Economic and Social Council Report of the Special Session of the Statistical Commission (New York, April 11-15, 1994).
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey Guide, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 2002). The text can be found at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/cpis/2002/index.htm

